Does Gen Z have pre-Internet nostalgia?

I was listening to the recent episode of the Ezra Klein Show when something Klein’s guest Emily Jashinsky said caused me to pause and google. Jashinsky claims about Gen Z’ers who are tired of social media and smart phones, who may want to give them up (starting at about 15:34):

“Do you know what Gen Z is binging hours of on YouTube? Its camcorder videos from the 1980s and 1990s of high schoolers. It’s the most boring camcorder videos on your old Sony that you could possibly imagine of people just at their lockers. No phones, just living in the moment and Gen Z is binging these hard, and it goes beyond just the curiosity of these historical artifacts. I think actually, if you asked a 22-year old that question and its through the lens of what your every day life would look like, and not just explicitly economic, I actually think a lot of them would take the deal. Not all of them, but the level of exhaustion with smartphones and social media…”

As she continues, she makes the case that younger conservatives, with whom she identifies, have a problem with modernity and that they would like to be free of some of its constraints, especially the dominance of technology and social media. I recommend listening to the episode yourself (embedded below) to hear her argument in its entirety, and I appreciate Klein, himself a progressive, hosting a conversation about the internal diversity of America’s conservative movement. I’m learning a lot as I listen but that’s not what I want to address. I want to address this claim about Gen Z’s nostalgia.

Unfortunately, I can’t find any information about Gen Z binging camcorder videos. I’m not doubting the claim, per se, just saying I can’t link to any study or news article on the topic. If someone out there finds something, feel free to share in the comments and I’ll update this post! I want to know if this is true because it would be eye opening, for one, but also affirming of the pedagogy I’ve implemented in my classroom.

What do I mean by this? Well, I share some of the concerns Jashinsky expressed about the Internet and social media. Obviously. In the past several weeks, I’ve written about how much better things seem at the school where I work since we’ve banned smartphones and smartwatches during school hours (see “Anecdotal evidence about phones in the classroom”). I’m skeptical of Artificial Intelligence’s ability to contribute to my students’ education (see “AI in the/my classroom”). Instead, I encourage my students to handwrite almost everything at this stage (see “Handwriting is good for the brain”). I have zero interest in engaging with trendy social media platforms like Snapchat and TikTok, as evidenced by the fact that I’m blogging like it’s 2010 (see “Why do I blog?”). This means that almost no one hears my views on topics like this one, and I’m fine with that! It’s freeing to do this sort of thing mostly for myself, to process my own thoughts in writing, to help me become clearer about my reasoning. I mean, I confess: I despise what algorithms are doing to us and I’m happy to pretend like the Internet is something else; something freer than what it’s become:

But most importantly: is Jashinsky’s claim true that many Gen Z’ers wish they could have the lives we had in the 80s and 90s? Would they trade social media and smart phones for camcorders, landline phones, and getting your sports scores either on cable TV or through tomorrow’s newspaper?

I don’t think I’d make a 1-for-1 trade but I do think there’s a lot about present modernity that we need to rethink, especially with regard to smartphone use, the Internet, and social media…especially for young, developing minds. To clarify, I was raised (partially) in fringe religious circles. The Internet provided me with information but also dialogue partners that made it impossible that I would continue in that religious movement once I became an adult. I imagine that pre-Internet, when your community was mostly people you know only in “real” life, I may have been more prone to settle for the sense of belonging that extreme religious groups can provide. But like the man being led out of Plato’s cave, the Internet gave me a map to freedom.

That being said, the Internet has also provided many people with a map into the cave. The conspiratorial thinking of QAnon is an Internet reality. Heaven’s Gate is famous for its use of the Internet to gain adherents and notoriety at the very beginning of the Internet Era. So the Internet has been used for variegated purposes since the beginning. It’s neither good nor bad in itself, nor are smart phones or social media.

But if Gen Z does have pre-Internet nostalgia, then we should pay attention to what it is that they wish they had from the eras of our childhoods. (I’m an older Millennial, or a “Xennial” as we who were born in the early 1980s are called, so by “our” I mean the childhoods of the 80s and 90s.) It may tell us what our young people need, including Gen Alpha who arrives in my classroom soon.

A final side note: I don’t remember being nostalgic for my parent’s youth. I had my own ups and downs as a kid and adolescent but I enjoyed my era. I liked some of the music from my parents era but I didn’t want to trade places. If even a sizable percentage of Gen Z does want to trade places with Millennials, or at least wishes that they had some of what made our childhoods unique, then this seems to be telling us a lot about what’s gone wrong over the past two decades. It may give our collective culture a guide for how to course correct. We should pay attention.

Welcome Generation Alpha?

I realized that this year will be the first year (I think) that I start teaching students who are classified as “Generation Alpha,” according to people who categorize this sort of thing. For example, the “social analyst and demographer” Mark McCrindle organizes Generation Alpha between the years 2010-2024. The logic behind these years is as follows:

“Generational definitions are most useful when they span a set age range and so allow meaningful comparisons across generations. That is why the generations today each span 15 years with Generation Y (Millennials) born from 1980 to 1994; Generation Z from 1995 to 2009 and Generation Alpha from 2010 to 2024. And so it follows that Generation Beta will be born from 2025 to 2039.”

This sort of thing is pretty subjective. In her book Generations: The Real Differences Between Gen Z, Millennials, Gen X, Boomers, and Silents—and What They Mean for America’s Future, Jean Twenge offers a more concrete reason for arguing that “Generation Alpha” shouldn’t begin with 2010 but instead 2012. Twenge called “Generation Alpha” “Polars” because they’re born into an era of extreme political polarization. I like Twenge’s name better but also I liked “iGen” better than “Gen Z” and yet it’s clear that “Gen Z” is the more popular label. Anyway, for Twenge, “Gen Alpha/Polars” begins at 2012 because of the following reasons (from pp. 451-452):

  1. Technology: “smartphone ownership crossed 50% in the U.S. between the end of 2012 and the beginning of 2013”.
  2. Black Lives Matter: “founded in 2013”; “gained widespread support before the first Polars entered kindergarten”.
  3. COVID: one of the youngest groups to remember the global pandemic as Twenge argues “the time before March 2020 will be only vaguely remembered by those under age 7 at the time”.

I appreciate Twenge’s taxonomy because it provides a rationale like this one. That doesn’t mean “generations” can be found in nature. They’re social constructs of a weaker variety, for sure. But they’re helpful for understand trends and cultural transitions. That being said, they’re fragile. In many ways, when I was younger I shared in the optimism that was characteristic of the mid-2000s Millennial but as I’ve aged I’ve hardened in many ways that might place me among stereotypical Gen X’ers. I was born in 1982, so depending on who you ask, I’m one of the first Millennials. (Twenge marks 1980 as the start for Millennials.) But when I meet people born in the early to middle 90s, I have sometimes felt like there’s no way we’re from the same generational cohort. Often, I relate closer to the slightly older than me Gen X folk in my circles. So, let’s continue to embrace the subjectivity while respecting the effort made by people like Twenge, who organize generations around important methodological markers like major changes in technology (e.g. TV; home appliances; AC; birth control; computers; the Internet; social media) and to a lesser extent, major events (e.g. AIDS epidemic; 9/11; the Great Recession; COVID-19 pandemic).

Maybe I’m teaching Gen Z for a couple more years. Either way, if the sociologists who study this topic are right that in marking generational divisions along lines of about every 15 years or so, then we’re about the experience some transitions in the classroom. As Twenge writes, “generational differences are based on averages,” like how much time someone spends on the Internet or a social media app. Those changes are real and it’s best to be on the look out for whatever is coming next (e.g. the AI revolution?) if we want to be prepared to educate tomorrow’s children.

Gen Z, Millennials, and religion: three studies

Here are three recent studies on how Gen Z and Millennials relate to religion: